Exosome NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) is a powerful approach that enables the in-depth analysis of the RNA content within exosomes, providing valuable insights into cellular communication and the molecular mechanisms of disease. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry a variety of biomolecules, including microRNAs, messenger RNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, which can influence various physiological and pathological processes. By using exosome NGS, researchers can profile these RNA molecules with high sensitivity and precision, identifying biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. This technique is particularly useful in cancer research, where tumor-derived exosomes can transfer RNA molecules that regulate immune responses, tumor growth, and metastasis. Exosome NGS is also being applied in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and autoimmune disorders, making it a versatile tool for understanding complex disease mechanisms and developing personalized treatment strategies. As exosome research continues to expand, exosome NGS holds great promise for advancing precision medicine and non-invasive diagnostics.